Everything you need to know about peptides and supplements — research-backed, clearly written, and regularly updated.
A synthetic fragment of body protection compound — what the research says, how to dose it, and where to get it.
The coenzyme behind cellular energy, DNA repair, and healthy aging — and how to restore levels that decline with age.
The mitochondrial-derived exercise mimetic — how it activates AMPK, improves metabolism, and why researchers call it the "exercise pill."
Marketed as a systemic tissue-repair peptide; commonly stacked with BPC-157 in community protocols for tendon, muscle, and ligament recovery.
The gold-standard GH peptide stack — a GHRH + GHRP combo that triggers natural pulsatile growth hormone release for better recovery, sleep, and body composition.
The copper-binding peptide famous for regenerating aged skin, thickening hair, and accelerating wound healing — used topically or injected.
The GLP-1 receptor agonist behind Ozempic and Wegovy — how it works, how to titrate safely, and what to expect from weekly dosing.
The dual GLP-1 / GIP agonist behind Mounjaro and Zepbound — delivering the largest weight-loss results seen in any approved medication to date.
The FDA-approved GHRH analog that specifically reduces visceral (belly) fat — originally developed for HIV patients and now widely used off-label for body composition.
The original GHRH peptide — well-tolerated, affordable, and still one of the best entry-level choices for improving sleep and recovery in midlife.
The melanocortin peptide that works on the brain rather than the bloodstream — FDA approved as Vyleesi for female sexual arousal, and widely used off-label for male libido.
The fat-loss fragment of growth hormone — provides the lipolytic effects of HGH without the blood sugar and growth-related side effects.
The Russian-developed longevity tetrapeptide — Khavinson-lineage data on telomerase activation in cultured fibroblasts and circadian/melatonin restoration in older adults. Single-lineage literature; independent replication is limited.
An oral small molecule that blocks NNMT — preserving cellular NAD+ and SAM levels, with early data for fat loss, muscle regeneration, and metabolic health.
The immune-modulating peptide approved in 35+ countries — strengthens T-cell immunity without overstimulation, used for chronic infection, post-COVID recovery, and Lyme.
The cardiolipin-binding peptide that concentrates inside mitochondria and restores energy production — actively trialed for Barth syndrome, primary mitochondrial disease, and heart failure.
The Russian anxiolytic peptide used for stress, anxiety, and cognitive support — non-sedating, non-addictive, and active within 30 minutes of an intranasal dose.
The Russian nootropic peptide used for focus, cognition, and neuroprotection — sister peptide to Selank with a stronger stimulating profile.
The triple agonist (GLP-1 + GIP + glucagon) in Phase 3 trials — Phase 2 showed ~24% body-weight reduction at 48 weeks, and TRIUMPH-4 (knee-OA cohort) reported 28.7% at 68 weeks.
The melanocortin peptide used for sunless tanning and libido enhancement — powerful results, but a side-effect profile that demands careful titration.
The amylin analog that pairs with semaglutide for even greater appetite suppression and fat loss — the foundation of the "CagriSema" stack.
The oral triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor originally developed for Parkinson’s — now used off-label for aggressive fat loss, with Phase 2 data showing up to 12.8% body weight reduction.
The cleanest GHRP ever made — triggers a natural GH pulse without the cortisol, prolactin, or hunger spikes that plague older growth-hormone peptides.
The lipotropic "fat-melting" injection used in medical weight-loss clinics for decades — a blend of methionine, inositol, choline, and B12 that supports fat metabolism.
The anti-inflammatory tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH — widely used for IBD, gut healing, eczema, psoriasis, and any condition driven by chronic inflammation.
The master antioxidant peptide your liver uses to detoxify everything — now used as an injectable to support liver function, skin tone, and oxidative stress.
The community-popular "Wolverine" peptide blend — BPC-157 (conventionally treated as local) plus TB-500 (conventionally treated as systemic). Used in community injury-recovery and post-op protocols; no Phase 2/3 human data.
A community-marketed three-peptide blend — BPC-157 + TB-500 + GHK-Cu. Sold as a single vial; the combination has no published human evidence and is component-extrapolated throughout.
GLOW with KPV added — a community four-peptide blend marketed for inflammatory skin conditions and advanced recovery. The combination has no published human evidence and is component-extrapolated.
The premium GHRH + GHRP stack — tesamorelin’s visceral-fat-targeting firepower plus ipamorelin’s clean GH pulse. The most potent pulsatile GH protocol short of actual HGH.
The Korean fat-dissolving injection that went viral for targeted spot-reduction — double chin, jawline, bra fat, love handles, and other stubborn pockets that diet and exercise won’t touch.
The synthetic ERR agonist popularly dubbed “exercise in a pill” based on preclinical mouse studies. Important caveat: the Burris-lab successor SLU-PP-915 paper (PMID 41421047) explicitly states SLU-PP-332 itself lacks oral bioavailability — community oral dosing is not pharmacologically supported by the originating literature.
The copper peptide more selective for hair follicle activation than GHK-Cu — used topically on the scalp for thicker, faster-growing hair and in combination with minoxidil and microneedling.
A Russian bioregulator tripeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp) marketed for cartilage and joint support — part of the Khavinson family, used in 10–20 day cycles. Khavinson-lineage data; no peer-reviewed Western RCT.
A Khavinson bioregulator (synthetic KEDG, Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly) — the "testicular" community-marketing positioning is not supported by published KEDG literature, which actually describes anterior-pituitary-derived effects on TSH/T3/T4, thymus, and immunity.
The 28-amino-acid neuropeptide used in Ritchie Shoemaker’s CIRS protocols — powerful anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, and autonomic regulator for chronic inflammatory illness.
A Khavinson bioregulator (synthetic KEDP) marketed for prostate tissue — short cycles for age-related prostate function, urinary support, and BPH symptoms. Most prostate-RCT clinical evidence is for the parent extract Prostatilen / Vitaprost, not synthetic KEDP.
The prescription foundation of male HRT — how TRT works, what clinical dosing looks like, and how to find a qualified provider who actually runs the right labs.
Recombinant human growth hormone — clinically approved for specific deficiencies, frequently misused for anti-aging. Here’s how it actually works and what responsible access looks like.
The prescription gonadotropin used alongside TRT to preserve testicular size and fertility — and to restart natural production after a cycle.
An old opioid antagonist repurposed at tiny doses as an immunomodulator — widely used off-label for autoimmune conditions, chronic pain, and long-COVID recovery.
The cornerstone of hypothyroidism treatment — T4, T3, and NDT: how each works, clinical dosing, monitoring, and how to find a provider who actually tests Free T3.
The primary estrogen used in menopausal hormone therapy and gender-affirming care — every delivery form, what the modern evidence actually shows, and how to work with a knowledgeable provider.
The often-underrated half of menopause HRT — protects the uterus from unopposed estrogen, supports sleep, and is available as bioidentical micronized progesterone.
The adrenal prohormone that declines with age — OTC in the US, prescription elsewhere, and the hormone replacement most people try first.
The potent older-generation GHRP — bigger GH pulse than ipamorelin, but with cortisol and prolactin elevations that have pushed most users to cleaner alternatives.
The older-generation GHRPs — GHRP-2 is the pharma-developed version (pralmorelin), GHRP-6 is the hunger-inducing outlier. Both have largely been replaced by ipamorelin in modern protocols.
The two IGF-1 analogs popular in bodybuilding — LR3 for sustained systemic IGF-1 elevation, DES for localized pre-workout hypertrophy.
The IGF-1 splice variant produced by mechanically loaded muscle — MGF for post-workout local action, PEG-MGF for twice-weekly systemic dosing.
The nine-amino-acid peptide originally isolated from sleeping rabbits — studied for decades as a deep-sleep enhancer, though Western research has never fully embraced the claims.
The "love hormone" — endogenous bonding peptide also prescribed as Pitocin for labor induction, and used off-label for social connection, orgasm intensity, and mood.
The HPG-axis master regulator — acts upstream of LH and FSH to restore natural reproductive-hormone function, with emerging clinical data in fertility and libido research.
The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide — endogenous first-line defense that’s become an off-label tool for chronic infections, biofilm disruption, and immune protocols.
The oldest drug in the modern pharmacopoeia — now a hot topic for mitochondrial support, cognition, and photobiomodulation synergy. Just watch the SSRI interaction.
The Russian-developed thymic polypeptide extract — related to but distinct from Thymosin Alpha-1, with decades of Eastern European clinical use in immune restoration and longevity protocols.
A Khavinson tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) marketed for brain tissue — short cycles for cognitive maintenance and neuroprotection. Khavinson-lineage data, limited independent replication.
The porcine brain hydrolysate prescribed across Europe and Asia for stroke, TBI, and dementia — a cocktail of neuropeptides and amino acids that doesn’t quite fit the single-peptide mold.
The FDA-approved cousin of MT-2 — more selective for MC1R, meaning cleaner tanning effect with fewer libido / nausea side effects. Approved as Scenesse for EPP; used off-label for sun sensitivity and tanning.
The AMPK activator that made "exercise in a bottle" headlines in the 2000s — real mechanism, real animal data, but dose-cost and limited human trials keep it experimental.
The 11-amino-acid fragment of erythropoietin stripped of the red-blood-cell side effect — a tissue-protective peptide in active clinical development for diabetic neuropathy and sarcoidosis.
The experimental senolytic peptide — disrupts FOXO4-p53 binding in senescent cells to trigger their apoptosis. Real mechanism, mouse data, practically no human clinical data.
The peptide that cuts the blood supply to white fat tissue — dramatic preclinical weight loss but kidney toxicity signals that stalled its clinical development.
The amino-acid derivative that ferries fatty acids into mitochondria — oral forms are OTC, injectable carnitine has its own loyal following for fat loss and exercise recovery.
The glycosaminoglycan that lubricates joints and plumps skin — FDA approved as an injectable medical device for knee OA and as a cosmetic dermal filler. Both are provider-administered.
The pharmaceutical-grade peptide diluent. Hospira/Pfizer Bacteriostatic Water (NDA 018802) is the FDA-approved standard — sterile water + 0.9% benzyl alcohol that lets you re-puncture a multi-dose vial for ~28 days. Here’s when to use it, when not to, and why neonates have a black-box history with this preservative.
The vitamin that’s a real treatment for real deficiency — and a heavily marketed “energy boost” in non-deficient adults where the controlled-trial evidence is essentially absent. Honest framing on both sides, plus the form-by-form FDA status (cyanocobalamin yes, methylcobalamin no).
The FDA-approved fertility gonadotropin (Menopur, Ferring) used in IVF stimulation, male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and off-label after TRT cessation. Combination of FSH and LH-like activity — with a real pharmacology nuance: per the FDA label, that LH-like activity is largely hCG, not LH itself.
A modified GHRH(1-29) tetrasubstituted analog — sold under one name in two pharmacologically very different forms. The no-DAC version pulses (~30 min). The with-DAC version saturates the GHRH receptor for 6–8 days. Neither has FDA approval; both are WADA-prohibited; the 2006 Phase 2 program ended after a participant death.
A research peptide built by combining Semax with the adamantyl cap from P21. There’s no published research on the Adamax molecule itself — what we know comes from the parents.
Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp (KEDW), a Khavinson short peptide proposed as a β-cell and glucose-tolerance bioregulator. Russian preclinical work plus one small elderly-T2DM cohort study, no Western clinical replication. Investigational.
The original synthetic ghrelin-receptor agonist (Bowers, Tulane, 1984) — the molecule that <em>predicted</em> the existence of ghrelin. Its real distinguishing feature among the older GHRPs is a strong central appetite signal, not exceptional cortisol or prolactin elevation.
des(1-3)IGF-I — native IGF-I missing the N-terminal Gly-Pro-Glu tripeptide. IGFBP-resistant and short-acting, the kinetic opposite of LR3. Naturally occurring (bovine colostrum, human fetal brain), but not FDA-approved for any indication and prohibited under WADA S2.3.
A research-tier construct: the 24-aa MGF E-peptide of IGF-1Ec conjugated to polyethylene glycol. Zero PubMed papers on PEG-MGF as a discrete entity. Inherits the contested Goldspink / Fornaro reproducibility debate and adds an unmeasured PEGylation layer on top.
A 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene — first described in 2001 by the Hashimoto / Nishimoto group at Keio from a cDNA library of an Alzheimer brain region that was unusually <em>spared</em> from disease.
A non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by Radius Health, now with Ellipses Pharma as <em>vosilasarm</em>. The published human harm evidence — four DILI case reports plus a myocarditis case and a gynecomastia / HPTA case — outweighs the published human benefit evidence (one Phase 1 partial response in 22 patients).
The world's first GLP-1 / glucagon dual receptor agonist approved anywhere — NMPA-approved in China on 27 June 2025 for obesity and again in September 2025 for type 2 diabetes. Not FDA-approved, not EMA-approved. Investigational drug for US/EU users.
An endogenous secreted glycoprotein that binds and neutralizes myostatin and activins. Real clinical evidence comes from gene therapy (Sarepta / Nationwide Children's AAV1-FS344) — not from injected protein. The "FST-344" sold gray-market is a different molecule with zero published human PK or safety data, and a 2019 WADA-lab forensic study found only 9 of 17 vendor products actually contained follistatin.
A Burris-lab Rev-erbα agonist tool compound from Scripps Florida (Solt 2012). Coherent mouse data, but two facts dominate: oral F% ~2.2% kills any oral protocol, and Dierickx 2019 showed substantial Rev-erb-<em>independent</em> activity in receptor-knockout cells.
Boehringer Ingelheim × Zealand Pharma GLP-1 / glucagon dual agonist in Phase 3 development. Strong Phase 2 NEJM MASH signal (62% MASH improvement at 4.8 mg) and FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for non-cirrhotic MASH (Sept 2024). Not yet approved anywhere.
A PPARδ agonist whose pharmaceutical sponsor walked away from Phase 2 development around 2007–2008 because of multi-organ rodent tumors at clinically relevant exposures. WADA issued an unprecedented compound-specific public alert on 21 March 2013.
An AngIV-derived peptidomimetic with two compounding credibility problems: foundational mechanism paper retracted April 2025, and the dihexa-derived prodrug fosgonimeton failed Phase 2/3 LIFT-AD in September 2024. Mechanism is direct activation of c-Met — one of the most-studied oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases in solid tumors.
An Acceleron Pharma ActRIIB-Fc fusion protein (~110–115 kDa, not a peptide). Its only Phase 2 trial — in ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy — was halted in February 2011 for a vascular-leak phenotype. Program terminated 2013. StackTrax does not recommend ACE-031 use.
A small-molecule investigational drug originally identified by phenotypic screening for hippocampal neural-stem-cell proliferation. Two registration-grade MDD trials missed primary endpoints (Neuralstem Phase 2 2020; Alto Neuroscience Phase 2b 2024). Direct molecular target never publicly disclosed.
A 9-amino-acid zinc-dependent thymic nonapeptide (pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn), originally isolated as Facteur Thymique Sérique (FTS) from porcine serum by the Bach group at Hôpital Necker (Paris) in 1977. Never approved as a drug anywhere. Substantial preclinical literature; limited dated human data.
A tripeptide (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) that is also the C-terminal tail of oxytocin. Originally identified as an amphibian MSH-release inhibitor; modern interest is as a positive allosteric modulator of D2 dopamine receptors. Small 1970s/80s human trials in Parkinson's and depression; never approved as a drug.
The N-acetylated derivative of Selank (parent: TKPRPGP, the Russian Academy of Sciences anxiolytic). Zero PubMed-indexed primary literature on the N-acetylated form itself. Every "stronger / longer-acting" claim is medicinal-chemistry intuition plus parent-Selank pharmacology imported wholesale.
N-acetylated derivatives of Semax (parent: MEHFPGP, the Russian Academy ACTH(4–7) analog). Zero published pharmacology on the N-acetyl forms themselves. The one direct chemistry paper (Magrì 2016) shows N-acetylation changes Cu(II)/Zn(II) coordination — so the modified molecule isn't pharmacodynamically identical to parent Semax, but direction never measured.
A 7-amino-acid peptide (GVSWGLR) derived from the C-terminal tail of spadin, a fragment of the sortilin (NTSR3) propeptide. Mechanism: TREK-1 (KCNK2) two-pore-domain potassium channel inhibition — not BDNF signaling, despite widespread vendor framing.
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